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Potential Role of Fungi in Bioremediation of Hazardous Chemicals from Soil: Current Perspectives
Savita, Pratap Kumar Pati, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria, And Avinash Kaur Nagpal
Abstract:
Bioremediation encompasses the implementation of cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods that transform toxic and hazardous chemical pollutants into non-hazardous products through the action of living organisms. The specific use of fungi in bioremediation is referred to as mycoremediation. Fungi exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities that enable the degradation of various chemical contaminants, either through chemical modifications or by influencing the bioavailability of these substances. Their efficacy in bioremediation is primarily attributed to their ability to form extensive mycelial networks and the broad versatility of their enzymes, which can utilize organic pollutants as a source of growth. Furthermore, other hazardous chemicals can be broken down through co-metabolic pathways. This review highlights various groups of fungi involved in the bioremediation of dangerous and persistent chemical compounds, including pesticides, petroleum, bleached craft pulp, textile dyes, and effluents from industries such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and leather tanning. It also examines the mechanisms of detoxification and bioremediation facilitated by fungal enzymes and cytochromes, the application of mycoremediation across various types of environmental pollution, and the technological advancements in fungal bioremediation.
Keywords: Recalcitrant compounds, Hazardous chemicals, Bioremediation, Mycoremediation, Ligninolytic enzymes, Whiterot fungi, Laccase
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