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Boerhavia diffusa L. (RBr): Morphology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Traditional Uses
ANILKUMAR KK
Abstract:
Boerhavia diffusa, commonly known as Punarnava, is a perennial herbaceous plant with significant medicinal value, widely recognized in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. This article provides a comprehensive review of the morphology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of B. diffusa alongside its traditional uses. Morphologically, the plant is characterized by its prostrate stems, fleshy roots, and small, pinkish flowers. Phytochemical analysis reveals that B. diffusa is rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids (punarnavine, boerhavine), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), glycosides, steroids, and saponins, which contribute to its wide-ranging therapeutic effects. Pharmacologically B. diffusa exhibits a broad spectrum of activities, including anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. These properties make it a valuable resource in treating various ailments, such as kidney and liver disorders, edema, arthritis, diabetes, and respiratory conditions. The traditional uses of B. diffusa further emphasize its role in promoting overall health and longevity, with applications in managing digestive disorders, menstrual irregularities, and skin conditions. The article highlights the importance of B. diffusa as a multifunctional medicinal plant, bridging the gap between traditional practices and modern pharmacological research. By integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific findings, this review underscores the potential of B. diffusa in contributing to holistic healthcare and its promising role in developing new therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Boerhavia diffusa, Antimicrobial activity, Antiinflammatory activity, Antidiabetic activity, Hepatoprotective activity
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